Images

Dictation

This photo shows eleven men sitting on a steel beam high above New York City, eating lunch. The workers are dressed in shirts and trousers, some wearing hats. They appear relaxed, with legs dangling off the beam. Below, a busy city with other buildings and streets can be seen. The sky is clear, emphasizing the height and openness.

Here are 5 classic compositional or framing techniques for photography.

Which rule does each photograph exemplify?

1. Canted angle

2. Strong diagonal

3. Rule of thirds

4. Framing device

5. Dividing the frame (composite)

 

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What subjects for photography do you see in some of the following photographs?

Landscape   Emotions    Festivals   Reflections   Light   Exotic things

Shadows    Atmosphere     Signs and text     Symbols     Juxtapositions

Unusual people    Nature     Patterns    Architecture     Colour     Shapes

Overlooked things      Cities      Animals      Movement      Lines     Angles

Texture       The human form        Water         Striking moments      Newsworthy things      

 

"There is nothing in this world that does not have its decisive moment."

Henri Cartier-Bresson

Discuss this quote using this photograph to explain what Cartier-Bresson means...

Man who catch fly with chopstick accomplish anything

What is / are the "decisive" thing / s in each image?

Agree or disagree?

1. These photographs are inspired by people more than surroundings.

2. The images would be better in colour.

3. The images use similar tricks to get your attention.

4. There is a strong diagonal line in most of the images.

5. The photographer must have been very patient.

6. The photographs apply the rule of thirds.

- Which is the strongest or most unforgettable image, in your opinion?

Seeing with the heart - Robert Frank

Discuss this quote:

“It is only with the heart that one can see rightly  - what is essential is invisible to the eye,” 

- writer and pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Robert Frank on the Americans

What does Robert say about the following things?

Being inconspicuous

Gambling

Atmosphere

Accidental photographs

Intruding

How Wolves Change Rivers

When wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in the United States after being absent nearly 70 years, the most remarkable "trophic cascade" occurred. What is a trophic cascade and how exactly do wolves change rivers? George Monbiot explains.


What does it eat?

Wolf

Antelope

Fox

Bear

Beaver

Raven

Song bird

Bald eagle

Muskrat

Mice

Elk

Deer

Salmon

Coyote

Learn 12 words:

12 terms

Watch:

True or False

1. A trophic cascade is an ecological disaster.

2. Wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone after not being there for a long time..

3. There were not enough deer in the Yellowstone Park

4. The wolves changed the behaviour of the deer.

5. The deer started to avoid the valleys because of the wolves.

6. The birds started attacking the deer

7. The height of the trees started to go down.

8. The bears started to kill each other

9. The rivers became deep and began to flow faster

10. There are now too many wolves in the park.

 

How Wolves Change Rivers

Fill in the gaps and then check:

How Wolves Change Rivers

One of the most exciting scientific f___________ of the past half century has been the discovery of widespread trophic cascades. A trophic cascade is an ecological process which starts at the t_____ of the food chain and tumbles a___ the way down to the bottom. And the classic example is what happened in the Yellowstone National Park in the United States when wolves were r______________ in 1995.

Now, we – we all know that wolves kill various s___________ of animals, but perhaps we’re slightly less aware that they g______ life to many others.

Before the wolves t________ up – they’d been absent for 70 years – the numbers of deer (because there had been nothing to hunt them) had built up and built up in the Yellowstone Park and d_________ efforts by humans to control them they’d managed to reduce much the v____________ there to almost nothing. They had just g_________ it away.

But as soon as the wolves arrived, even though they were few in number they started to have the most remarkable e_______.

First, of course, they killed some of the deer but that wasn’t the major thing. Much more significantly, they r___________ changed the behavior of the deer. The deer started avoiding certain parts of the park – the places where they could be trapped most easily – particularly the valleys and the g________ and immediately those places started to r_____________. In some areas, the height of the trees quintupled in j____ six years. Bare valley sides quickly became forests of aspen and willow and cottonwood. And as soon as that happened, the birds started m________ in. The number of songbirds and migratory birds started to increase g_________. The number of beavers started to increase because beavers like to eat the trees. And beavers, like wolves, are ecosystem engineers. They c_______ niches for other species. And the dams they built in the rivers provided h__________ for otters and muscrats and ducks and fish and reptiles and amphibians.

The wolves killed coyotes and as a r________ of that, the number rabbits and mice began to r_____ which meant more hawks more weasels more foxes more badgers. Ravens and bald eagles came down to feed on the carrion that the wolves had left. Bears f___ on it, too. And their population began to rise as well partly also because there were more berries growing on the regenerating shrubs. And the bears r__________ the impact of the wolves by killing some of the calves of the deer.

But h_____ where it gets really interesting.

The wolves changed the behavior of the rivers. They began to meander less. There was less e_______. The channels n_________. More pools f_________. More riffle sections. All of which were g______ for wildlife habitats. The rivers changed in r_________ to the wolves. And the reason was that the regenerating forests stabilized the b______ so that they collapsed less o_____. So the rivers became more fixed in their c_______.

S___________, by driving the deer o____ of some places, and the vegetation recovering on the valley side, there was less s____ erosion because the vegetation stabilized that as well. So the wolves, s______ in number, transformed n___ just the ecosystem of the Yellowstone National Park – This huge area of land… b___ also, its physical geography.

Pronunciation focus

ly

particularly

similarly

immediately

slightly

dipthongs

stabilized

trophic

erosion

Yellowstone

v

vegetation

valley

wolves

recovering

Second syllable stress

effects

regenerating

transformed

erosion

immediately

particularly

ju:

reduced

reintroduced

huge

population

Fertile Ground - New technology in China turns desert into land rich with crops

China has reportedly developed a technology that is able to transform desert lands into arable soil that could grow crops and natural vegetation. 

Before watching:

What do these words mean?

crop

method

region

oasis

substance

retain

soil

transform

fertile

Now, look at these synonyms of the words above. Can you recall the word they are a synonym of?

plant

practice

area

garden

material

keep

earth

change

fruitful

Now, let's look at the in pairs - What is the difference in meaning?

crop    /     plant

method     /     practice

region      /      area

oasis       /     garden

substance      /      material

retain       /       keep

soil     /      earth

change     /    transform

fertile   /   fruitful

Use vocabulary in a sentence

Watch:

Fertile Ground

Listen questions:

True, False, Doesn't Say?

1. The area is very cold.

2. The desert is an ideal place to support vegetation.

3. The scientists planted all the crops that are growing in the area.

4. The transformation of the land has happened relatively quickly.

5. The researchers have found something inside plants that they put into the sand.

6. The method of turning sand into soil the researchers have discovered is cheaper than other methods.

7. The experiment has been copied in other countries.

Further questions (more challenging). Listen again.

1. What "logic" are the researchers "turning on its head"?
2. What kinds of crops can be grown in these areas?
3. How long does it take for crops to get established?
4. Where exactly did researchers discover the magic "paste"?
5. What exactly do they do with it?
6. What exactly can it do?
7. What other techniques of creating fertile land are mentioned?
8. What are the long-term aims of the researchers?
9. What else, besides food crops, can be planted using this method?

Vocab:

Turning desert into rich land