Sunday, December 7, 2025

Mistakes

 I hate tomato


Just watch this festival. I don't want to join this festival.


Maybe interesting story. Last year, end of the year. 


I need back my home town


I can see first sunrise in this year


This year my new year is travel in New Zealand


Very big - just make the sky always light


We thought is this fire work?


This one is the first one I will recommend to you.


Mostly celebrating for our good health.


You also can drink


I recommend you to try.


When I was a child I think the smell of fire crackers. I like it.


But now we can't use fire crackers in the city - maybe just the countryside.


I want to go to there.


New year give her money in a red packet.


We ususally give small amount of money for kids.


In China, if you didn't married or you didn't get a job, you get money, Even you over thrity.


The different lanterns represent different colours.


Only good things is I can get money from my parents.


Many people travelling during these days, so my city is crowd.


Just only have special food.


They need to do back to work when holidays finish?


In Japan longest holiday is in May.


I'm not a Chinese family.


You cannot enjoy authemtic Japanse style in Osaka.


There have also huge Chinese community in there.


Everyoine want it, but it hard to find.


Do you know why Osaka is famous for Chinese people?


Thre is a also ferry betwen Shanghai and Osaka.


Just two-hour - Shanghai to Osaka. The flight.



Blossom

Bloom

Petals

Peak Bloom

Hanami

Festival Grounds

Scenic

Tradition

Vibrant

Seasonal

Canopy

Arbor

Sakura ()

Tranquil

Reverence

Picnic

Lanterns

Breathtaking

Procession

Photography

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lantern

Illumination

Night

Glow

Celebration

Tradition

Festivities

Fireworks

Procession

Symbolism

Prosperity

Reunion

Riddles

Customs

Rituals

Vibrant

Decorative

Handmade

Ceremonial

Harmony

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Songkran

Splash

Soak

Water guns

Buckets

Celebration

Tradition

Parade

Blessing

Renewal

Merit-making

Temple

Festivalgoers

Street stalls

Refreshing

Cool down

Festive

Community

Lively

Joyful


Saturday, December 6, 2025

The Passive and reporting structures





Look for examples of passive voice in this article:




Brazilian woman denied visa after movie muddle-up


A woman with a backpack pulls a suitcase through an airport.

were allowed in         were denied          was sent back      were most often denied

was dropped off         those turned away     raised       were sent back             it was found 

 

More than 4300 people _____1______entry to New Zealand according to Immigration New Zealand's annual report.

It contains detailed reasons for some of the refusals.

A man with a South African passport ______2_______ in Taiwan due to identity concerns ______3______ when his profile on a popular dating website stated he was a New Zealander seeking "a nice girl to have serious relationship".

Officials decided a woman from Brazil was not a genuine visitor because she had no outward ticket and had little knowledge of New Zealand.

She said she wanted to see Lord of the Rings locations, referencing Harry Potter as the main character of the film.

A man who was travelling from Canada ______4______ after _____5______an English court found him guilty of being part of a scam of US government bonds amounting to $2.5 trillion.

Malaysians and Hong Kong nationals ______6________ entry, with Brazil and Taiwan also having high rejection numbers.

Three quarters of  ______7______ did not even get as far as boarding at their point of departure; the rest ________8_________ once they arrived.

Nearly six million people________9_______ , an increase of nine percent on the previous year.

How would you express the phrases in bold with less formality?


Intermediate level practice (Passive)

Intermediate level practice (reported speech)


Great conversation questions to practice using the passive with a partner or a group


Practice using reporting structures


Practice more reporting structures



Then and Now - comparison




Image result for older stallone hanging out with himself


Famous person 


Younger

Body shape:
Hair colour:
Hair length:
Eye colour:
Height: tall / average / short
Skin colour, condition,
Style of dress:
General appearance:
Attitude expression:


Older

Body shape:
Hair colour:
Hair length:
Eye colour:
Height: tall / average / short
Skin colour, condition,
Style of dress:
General appearance:
Attitude expression:



Describe the "two" celebrities to your partner as younger and older. Can they guess who?


Wednesday, November 26, 2025

IELTS Essay on Education (problem, effect, solution)

 

 

Problems

 

One major issue facing public education today is…

 

A common problem many schools struggle with is…

 

Public education is often challenged by…

 

Another difficulty that affects students and teachers is…

 

A significant concern in many school systems is…

 

 

Effects

 

As a result of these educational problems, many students…

 

Because of the issues in the school system, teachers often…

 

These challenges in education can lead to…

 

One major effect of the problems in education is that…

 

When educational systems fail to address these issues, it often results in…

 

 

 

Suggestions

 

One way to improve public education is to increase access to…

 

A useful step would be to invest more in…

 

To raise the overall quality of education, schools could…

 

Another effective approach might be to focus on…

 

Public education could be strengthened by introducing…

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IELTS Writing Task 2 Question:
Many countries around the world are facing serious problems in their education systems. These issues can have significant effects on students, teachers, and society as a whole. What are the main problems and their effects? What solutions can you suggest to address these problems?

Write at least 250 words.

 

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Monday, November 24, 2025

Asking a Favour


Polite & Formal

  • Could you possibly…?

  • Would you mind (doing)…?

  • I was wondering if you could…

  • I’d really appreciate it if you could…

  • Would it be too much trouble to…?


Friendly & Neutral

  • Can you do me a favour?

  • Can I ask you a favour?

  • Could you help me with…?

  • Would you be able to…?

  • Do you think you could…?


Casual

  • Hey, can you give me a hand?

  • Any chance you could…?

  • Mind helping me out?

  • Could you lend me a hand?

  • Can you help me out with…?




Noelia
: Paul, ____ _____ _____ ____ ______? I need a favour.

Paul: I'm ___ ____ ______, but sure, what ___ I help you _____?

Noelia: So, you know the branding job for Active Arctic?

Paul: Of course. It was so good to finally finish that project. It went on and on and on … 

Noelia: Yeah, so … look, I'm _____ ______ _____ _____, but they want some more changes made.

Paul: Seriously? I've already rewritten that copy, I don't know, like, 20 times?

Noelia: I know. I'm ____ _____. ____ you ____ _____ to work on it this afternoon?

Paul: Well, ____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ _____, Noelia. I'm finishing the Moosh Monkey social media campaign and they're expecting it by the end of the day.

Noelia: I'd forgotten about that. ___ _____ _____ _____ you could work late tonight?

Paul: Sorry, Noelia. I ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ _____.

Noelia: ______?

Paul: I'm taking my niece to the cinema for her birthday. It's been planned for ages.

Noelia: OK. Well, then ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ tomorrow? I'll make it up to you!

Paul: OK. How?

Noelia: _____ your _____.

Paul: An extra day's holiday?

Noelia: Can you get in for 5 a.m.?

Paul: 7 a.m.

Noelia: 6 a.m.

Paul: _____.

Role play

Role-Play: Asking for a Favour

Instructions

  1. Work in pairs – Student A and Student B.

  2. One person asks for a favour, the other responds.

  3. Use at least two different phrases from the “Useful Phrases” box.

  4. Swap roles after each scenario.

  5. Add polite thanks and responses.


Useful Phrases – Asking

  • Could you possibly…?

  • Would you mind…?

  • I was wondering if you could…

  • I’d really appreciate it if you could…

  • Would it be too much trouble to…?

  • Can you do me a favour?

  • Can I ask you a favour?

  • Could you help me with…?

  • Any chance you could…?

  • Could you lend me a hand?

Useful Phrases – Responding

  • Sure, no problem.

  • Of course.

  • I’d be happy to.

  • Sorry, I can’t right now.

  • I’m afraid I’m busy, but maybe later.


Scenarios

  1. Moving furniture – You need help lifting a table into another room.

  2. Borrowing something – You want to borrow your friend’s laptop for a few hours.

  3. Giving a ride – You need a lift to the train station.

  4. Covering a shift – You ask your colleague to work for you on Friday.

  5. Helping with homework – You ask a classmate to explain a difficult exercise.

  6. Taking care of a pet – You need someone to feed your cat while you’re away.

  7. Shopping help – You ask a friend to go to the supermarket with you.

  8. Technology help – You want someone to help you set up your new phone.


Example

A: Can I ask you a favour?
B: Sure, what is it?
A: Would you mind helping me carry this box upstairs?
B: No problem. Where to?





Noelia: Hey, Paul, ____   ____   ____ a minute?

Paul: ____ on, _____.

Noelia: I've got a _____ _____ ____ ask you. 

Paul: Right.

Noelia: So … _____ would you _____ about DJ___ at the office party next week? 

Paul: Office party? I _____ usually ____ work parties. 

Noelia: Oh, right. So where do you usually DJ ____? 

Paul: No, I _____ I don't usually go to work parties, ____ ____ DJ at them. 

Noelia: ____ on, I think you'd ____ brilliant ____ it! 

Paul: Oh, I don't know … 

Noelia: _____, I _______ usually ask, _____ you are the only DJ I know.

Paul: I'm not a very good one ______. My music taste is … quite strange. Everyone will probably hate it. 

Noelia: Come on! These guys will dance to anything when they are at a party! Why don't you ____ ___ __ ___? You'll be great!

Paul: Urgh … I think I'm _______ busy that day anyway.

Noelia: Come on! There's ______ to ____!

Paul: _______ my reputation and credibility …  

Noelia: Paul, you'd really ____ _____ me ____. 

Paul: OK, I'll ____ _____ it. 

Noelia: Great! Thanks, Paul! 



 

 



Match the three stages of asking for a favour with the phrases.

 

1. Set the Stage

2. Give a Reason

3. Provide an Escape Clause

 

A) “If you can’t help out, I completely understand, but I thought I’d ask.”

B) “something really unexpected has happened”

C) “I have a favour to ask you”

 

Consider the following:

A) Anthony, can you please cover for me at the client dinner tonight, I’m not going to be able to break away from the office?

B) Anthony, I have a favor to ask you… by any chance could you cover for me at the client dinner tonight? I’m not going to be able to break away from the office.

 

Quickly after making your request, be sure to add the following:

I completely _________ if you can’t make it; I _____ it’s a busy week for everyone.

I’d love an introduction to Katherine, but if you don’t feel ________ passing along her information for any reason that’s _____. I don’t _____ to create an uncomfortable situation for you.

 

Role plays:

 

1. Your child refuses to tidy up their room.

2. You need someone to give you a ride to the airport at 4a.m.

3. You've got a heavy couch that you need to move from one house to another. Your friend has a van.

4. You're going away for a week and need someone to feed your cat.

5. You have a great neighbour and you're good friends, but lately he's been using his barbeque every night and the smoke comes into your house if you have the windows open.

6. Someone you know is starting a new job at a company you want to work for. You've sent them your CV twice, but they've never replied. You want to ask them to recommend you for an interview.



Here are ten ways of persuading (or forcing) someone to do you a special favour. Rank them from the most acceptable to the least acceptable method.

Flattery
Bribery
Threatening
Flirtation
Charm
Pleading
Begging
Demanding
Blackmail
A polite request


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10



Role plays:

Your child refuses to tidy up their room.

You need someone to give you a ride to the airport at 4a.m.

You've got a heavy couch that you need to move from one house to another. Your friend has a van.

You're going away for a week and need someone to feed your cat.

You have a great neighbour and you're good friends, but lately he's been using his barbeque every night and the smoke comes into your house if you have the windows open.

Someone you know is starting a new job at a company you want to work for. You've sent them your CV twice but they've never replied. You want to ask them to recommend you for an interview.


Asking for a favour which is granted

Peter: Hi Anna. I've got a f___ to ask. Would you m____ cooking dinner tonight? I'm kind of busy.
Anna: Sure, Peter. What w____ you like for dinner?
Peter: Could I tr____ you to make some pasta?
Anna: That s_____s good. Let's have pasta. Which type of sauce should I make?
Peter: W____ it be too m___ trouble to make a four cheese sauce?
Anna: No, that's easy. Yum. Good idea.
Peter: Thanks Anna. That really h__ps me out.
Anna: No pr_____.

Mark: Hey, could you please help me w____ the homework?
Susan: I'd be gl___ to help out. What s___s to be the problem?
Mark:: I don't get this equation. Would you ___d explaining it to me?
Susan: No pr____. It's difficult!
Mark: Yeah, I know. Thanks a lot.
Susan: Don't w____ about it.

Asking for a favour which is refused

Employee: Hello, Mr. Smith. C____ I ask you a question?
Boss: S__, w___ do you need?
Employee: Would it be t__ much trouble f__ you to l__ me come in at 10 tomorrow morning?
Boss: Oh, that's a little d_____.
Employee: Yes, I know it's last moment, b__ I have to go to the dentist.
Boss: I'm afraid I can't let you come in late tomorrow. We r____ need you at the meeting.
Employee: OK, I just th____ I'd ask. I'll get a different appointment.
Boss: Thanks, I appr____ it.

Brother: Hey. W____ you mind letting me watch my show?
Sister: Sorry, but I c___ do that.
Brother: Why n__?
Sister: I'm watching my favorite show now.
Brother: B___ I'm going to miss my favorite game show!
Sister: Watch it online. Don't bo___ me.
Brother: Could you pl____ watch your show online, it's a rerun!
Sister: Sorry, but I'm un____ to do that. You'll j___ have to watch it later.





Part 2 - Use your "
Pākehā" Voice 


Language: 

to mute (turn the sound off)

you owe me (I'm doing you a favour)

Lickity-split (very quickly, very soon)

Pakeha (Non-Maori, usually English speaking, NZer)

all good (it's alright)



Watch and answer these questions:


1. What problem are the flatmates having?

2. What excuse does the person on the phone give for failing to activate the broadband?

3. What does Paul do for a living?

4. What is a Pakeha voice and why do you need to use it?

5. How does Joan manage to get Caleb to send someone over immediately?

6. What do Caleb and his friend say after the call is over?



Watch:

Get you a pakeha voice



Discuss:


Why do we need to use different 'voices' for different situations?



Language focus: kiwi English / politeness and assertiveness / formal and casual


1. Come on ____! This is the fourth time I've called and it's ____  _______ stupid!"

2. ___  ______ we failed to connect you ____, but _________ no one was home when we came to the _______.

3. Hi ______ Caleb ___  _____  _____? We're just having a little bit of a _____________ about our connection and I'm hoping that you could _____ us ____.

4. Yes, it ____ no one was home when we came to the address.

5. ____ and ____ both know that that's not true, and we ____ call on Wednesday, _____. So if we don't _____ this out now, I think you and I going to have a _____ ____ of a problem.

6. Well, ___ don't want that. So ____ about I put you on our priority list for an appointment.

7. Will tomorrow at 10am _____ for you?

8. No it ______ actually. I'm ______ that's not good enough.

9. How about I _____  ____  ________ with a technician and ____ someone out to your place, lickety-split - in the next, ___,  60 minutes?

10. That _____ be wonderful.

11. Once _____, thank you ___ much for your help, Caleb.

12. Hey ___ a problem. Sorry for ____ ______________.


Part 3 Advertising



We all know smoking harms us and others, but many do it anyway. There are lots of examples of this in a consumer society. List some others....













1. Who will notice this ad? What's their life situation?

2. What other things might be influencing their life choices?

3. What feelings are evoked through the ad? How does the ad try to speak to group of people it is targeting?







The UK's Strictest Teacher

Controversial New Zealand-born head teacher Katharine Birbalsingh founded Michaela Park Community School, a charter-style inner-city school in North West London, in 2014.
She has been called the "strictest teacher in Britain" and Michaela, Britain's strictest school, but says the school's military ethos works, especially for the disadvantaged inner-city pupils who go there.


Lead in

1. Do you worry about your attendance?
2. What are the differences between private and public schools?
3. Do kids from less affluent families get a fair chance at education in your country?

Attendance debate - Channel 4

The UK's Strictest Teacher

Before listening

1. Where should a teacher stand for most of the lesson?

A) Front of the class

B) The teacher should move around the class, interacting with the students

C) A mix of A and B

 

2. Which do you think provides better opportunities for learning?

A) A group project

B) An individual assignment

C) Studying for an exam or test

 

3. What kind of learning environment is best for most students?

A) A strict, disciplined, orderly environment

B) A dynamic, creative, interactive environment

C) A mic of A and B

 

4. What should a the focus of a teacher be?

A) Promoting thinking

B) Promoting knowledge retention

C) Promoting competition

 

 

Listen

1.What is "a more traditional approach" to education according Katharine?
2. Katharine describes her school as an _____ of calm.
3. Why does Katharine say her students like the strictness of her school?
4. What is at the core of her approach to teaching?
5. What is the focus?
6. Why do they avoid group work in her school?
7. What is Katharine's view of her students' parents?
8. What is Katharine's view of time?
9. Why does Katharine think partnership schools are great?
10. What adjectives are used to describe the pupils?
11. What is the prerequisite for a student to question what they learn, according to Katharine?
12. What is Katharine's view on 'dreamers'?
13. How do Katharine's critics describe her system?
14. In what way does Katharine believe project-based learning fails socially deprived students?


Discussion

1. Would you consider sending your kids to Katharine's school?
2. How would proponents of project-based learning answer her criticisms?
3. Do you think the teacher should deliver a lesson from the front of class or try to move around and interact more with individual students?
4. What problems might occur in this school?
5. Were you / are you afraid of any of your teachers? Can this be a good thing?
6. Is the Katharine's restrictive idea of knowledge liberating for the kinds of kids she teaches?
7. What happens if more and more schools adopt her model?




Types of clauses - Participle Clauses / relative clauses / etc


Kahoot on types of clauses


The player who hits the winning run will be the MVP for the game.

noun clause     adjective clause    adverb clause

The doctor was worried that Charlie was putting on too much weight.

independent clause    dependent clause    subordinate clause

The girl whose leg was broken last year will be running in the big race tomorrow.

noun clause    adjective clause    adverb clause

After listening to the students, Mrs. Lacerda changed her mind about the assignment.

adjective clause    adverb clause    noun clause

Charlie has decided to hire a personal trainer because he is worried about his heart.

adverb clause    adjective clause    noun clause

Although I like lettuce...

dependent clause    independent clause

Even though the dog barked all night, the owner was well rested.

noun clause    adverb clause    adjective clause

Whenever I don't have any homework, I like to go for a bike ride after school.

noun clause    adverb clause    adjective clause

If the story doesn't have any vampires in it, Katie won't read it.

independent clause    dependent clause    noun clause

This job would be fun if the boss was nicer.

dependent clause    independent clause

There could be a problem if our pitcher is late for the game.

independent clause    dependent clause

My mother drove to the store.

independent clause    dependent clause

Although some people are on the football team, they only watch the games from the bench.

independent clause     dependent clause

Whoever wins the game will get candy.

adjective clause    adverb clause    independent clause     noun clause

Choose the subordinating conjunction.

But    We     Because    Yet

A clause that can only be part of a sentence and cannot stand by itself.

independent clause    dependent clause

What is another word for 'dependent'?

Coordinate    independent    objective     subordinate

What he gave you was a wonderful gift.

adjective clause    adverb clause    noun clause      independent clause

Are these the books that you wanted to borrow?

adverb clause     adjective clause

He explained to the crowd what you meant. Which is the Dependent Clause?

He explained to the crowd.

He explained.

What you meant

the crowd what you meant





Relative clauses - basic


Defining relative clauses


Non-defining relative clauses


Reduced relative clauses and things


Participle Clauses (BBC English in 6 mins)


Practice clauses of concession and contrast



Dictation


In the picture, two men sit on the grass in a green park. They wear dark jackets and hats. Between them, a woman sits with no clothes on. She looks directly at the viewer with a calm face. Behind them, another woman washes herself in a small stream. In the background, a small boat is moored on the shore of the lake. A basket of fruit and bread is on the ground. The light is bright, and the scene feels quiet but strange, perhaps because of the calm attitude of the naked woman and perhaps because of the dark trees.

 

 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




In the painting, soft clocks are hanging and bending in strange ways. One clock is lying over the branch of a bare tree. Another clock is stretched across a flat block. A third clock is falling over the edge of a table. In the middle, there is a soft shape that looks like a face in a dream, giving the picture a strange feeling. The background shows a calm blue sea and far mountains, making the scene look very quiet but also not real.

 

suggest   ·   fill   ·   scatter   ·   have   ·   moor

bathe   ·   look   ·   sit   ·   wear

 

1.There are three people ________

 on the grass.    

2.In the background there's a woman

________ in a river.        

3.And there is also a boat _______

 by the river.      

4.In the main group there are two men

 ________ a conversation.          

5.And there's a woman not

________ any clothes _______ at the artist.                        

6.There are some clothes, presumably hers,

_________ about on the ground.             

7.In the foreground there are various things

________  they have had a picnic.            

8.For example there is a basket half

 ________ with fruit.

Dictation

1________________________________________________________________________________(10 words)

2________________________________________________________________________________

(8 words)

3________________________________________________________________________________(11 words)

4________________________________________________________________________________(6 words)

5________________________________________________________________________________

(6 words)

 

 

Functions of Adverbial Participle Clauses

 

Condition - the idea of if /when + participle clause, then 

Result - participle clause is a result of x

Consecutive - one action immediately follows another

Cause - because of (since, as) participle clause 

Simultaneous - two actions happen at the same time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consecutive - one action immediately follows another

It is important that one action happened before another

"Reaching the summit, they were greeted by a stunning view".

Cause - because of (since, as) participle clause 

"Feeling unwell, he decided to go home early"

Condition - the idea of if /when + participle clause, then 

" (By) Arriving early, you'll be able to secure the best seats."

Simultaneous - two actions happen at the same time

"Smiling brightly, she greeted her guests."

Result - participle clause is a result of x

"The volcano erupted, destroying the village."

 

Dictation

1.__________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________________

6.___________________________________________________________________

7.____________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"Walking to the store, I noticed a new bakery." 

"The children playing in the park were laughing loudly." 

"Eating healthy is important for good health." 

"Supported by her friends, she felt confident."

"The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller." 

"Having finished her homework, she went to bed." 

"The team, having practiced all week, was ready for the game." 

 

Types of participle clause

Present Participle Clauses:

  • Adverbial:

"Walking to the store, I noticed a new bakery." (While I was walking to the store...) 

  • Adjectival:

"The children playing in the park were laughing loudly." (The children who were playing in the park...) 

  • Noun-like:

"Eating healthy is important for good health." (The act of eating healthy...) 

Past Participle Clauses:

  • Adverbial:

"Supported by her friends, she felt confident." (Because she was supported by her friends...) 

  • Adjectival:

"The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller." (The book which was written by a famous author...) 

Perfect Participle Clauses:

  • Adverbial:

"Having finished her homework, she went to bed." (After she had finished her homework...) 

  • Adjectival:

"The team, having practiced all week, was ready for the game." (The team which had practiced all week...)  



Functions of Adverbial Participle Clauses

 

Consecutive - one action immediately follows another

It is important that one action happened before another

"Reaching the summit, they were greeted by a stunning view".

Cause - because of (since, as) participle clause 

"Feeling unwell, he decided to go home early"

Condition - the idea of if /when + participle clause, then 

" (By) Arriving early, you'll be able to secure the best seats."

Simultaneous - two actions happen at the same time

"Smiling brightly, she greeted her guests."

Result - participle clause is a result of x

"The volcano erupted, destroying the village."


Types of participle clause

Present Participle Clauses:

  • Adverbial:

"Walking to the store, I noticed a new bakery." (While I was walking to the store...) 

  • Adjectival:

"The children playing in the park were laughing loudly." (The children who were playing in the park...) 

  • Noun-like:

"Eating healthy is important for good health." (The act of eating healthy...) 

Past Participle Clauses:

  • Adverbial:

"Supported by her friends, she felt confident." (Because she was supported by her friends...) 

  • Adjectival:

"The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller." (The book which was written by a famous author...) 

Perfect Participle Clauses:

  • Adverbial:

"Having finished her homework, she went to bed." (After she had finished her homework...) 

  • Adjectival:

"The team, having practiced all week, was ready for the game." (The team which had practiced all week...) 


Practice


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