Saturday, May 2, 2026

Music as a Language



What do the following words mean when we are talking about music?






key







beat








bow









note











fade










scale











air guitar










string








minor







tempo








blue







harmony










solo










pitch










folk










strum








catchy








reverb









verse









chorus








jam







skin








stick



Lead In:

Student A: Music

1. What kind of music do you like? Why do you like it?
2. How does music make you feel? Can you give an example?
3. Do you listen to music every day? When and where?
4. Can music send a message without words? How?

Student B: Language

1. How is learning music similar to learning a language? How is it different?
2. How did you learn to speak your first language?
3.Do you think people learn better by practicing a lot or by just trying and experimenting?
4.Do you think music should be taught like a school subject, or learned more naturally? Why?


What do you think the text will say about learning a language and learning music?


vocab

Effective


Reading Passage

Music is a language. Both music and verbal languages serve the same purpose. They are both forms of expression. They can be used as a way to communicate with others. They can be read and written. They can make you laugh or cry, think or question, and can speak to one or many. And both can definitely make you move.

In some instances, music works better than the spoken word, because it doesn't have to be understood to be effective. Although many musicians agree that music is a language, it is rarely treated as such. Many of us treat it as something that can only be learned by following a strict regimen, under the tutelage of a skilled teacher. This approach has been followed for hundreds of years with proven success, but it takes a long time—too long.

Think about the first language you learn as a child. More importantly, think about how you learned it. You were a baby when you first started speaking, and even though you spoke the language incorrectly, you were allowed to make mistakes. And the more mistakes you made, the more your parents smiled.

Learning to speak was not something you were sent somewhere to do only a few times a week. And the majority of the people you spoke to were not beginners. They were already proficient speakers. Imagine your parents forcing you to only speak to other babies until you were good enough to speak to them. You would probably be an adult before you could carry on a proper conversation. To use a musical term, as a baby, you were allowed to jam with professionals.

If we approach music in the same natural way we approached our first language, we will learn to speak it in the same short time it took to speak our first language. Proof of this can be seen in almost any family where a child grows up with other musicians.

Here are a few keys to follow in learning or teaching music. In the beginning, embrace mistakes instead of correcting them. Like a child playing air guitar, there are no wrong notes. Allow young musicians to play and perform with accomplished musicians on a daily basis. Encourage young musicians to play more than they practice. The more they play, the more they will practice on their own. Music comes from the musician, not the instrument.

And most importantly, remember that a language works best when we have something interesting to say. Many music teachers never find out what their students have to say. We only tell them what they are supposed to say.

A child speaks a language for years before they even learn the alphabet. Too many rules at the beginning will actually slow them down. In my eyes, the approach to music should be the same. After all, music is a language too.


Comprehension Questions (Multiple Choice)

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Music is harder to learn than language
B. Music should be taught like a natural language
C. Only professionals can teach music well
D. Children should not learn music

2. Why does the author say music can be more effective than spoken language?
A. It is easier to write
B. It is always louder
C. It does not need to be understood to be effective
D. It uses more emotion

3. How do most people traditionally learn music, according to the passage?
A. By playing with friends
B. By listening only
C. By following strict lessons with a teacher
D. By experimenting freely

4. What comparison does the author make about learning language as a child?
A. Children learn by making mistakes and interacting with fluent speakers

B. Children learn by practicing alone

C. Children learn by reading books first
D. Children learn only at school

5. What does the phrase “jam with professionals” suggest?
A. Babies play instruments
B. Babies learn by interacting with skilled speakers
C. Babies attend music classes
D. Babies avoid making mistakes

6. According to the author, what should young musicians do more often?
A. Practice silently
B. Study theory
C. Avoid mistakes
D. Simply play music

7. Why can too many rules slow down learning?
A. They make learning more expensive
B. They reduce creativity and natural learning
C. They confuse teachers
D. They make music boring










Shouting dictation

Music is a language. Both music and verbal languages serve the same purpose. They are both forms of expression. They can be used as a way to communicate with others. They can be read and written. They can make you laugh or cry, think or question, and can speak to one or many. And both can definitely make you move.

 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Think about the first language you learn as a child. More importantly, think about how you learned it. You were a baby when you first started speaking, and even though you spoke the language incorrectly you were allowed to make mistakes. And the more mistakes you made, the more your parents smiled.

 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 


Music is a language.

Both music and verbal languages serve the same purpose.

They are both forms of expression.

They can be used as a way to communicate with others.

They can be read and written.

They can make you laugh or cry,

think or question,

and can speak to one or many.

And both can definitely make you move.

In some instances, music works better than the spoken word,

because it doesn't have to be understood to be effective.

Although many musicians agree that music is a language,

it is rarely treated as such.

 

 

 

 

 

Think about the first language you learn as a child.

More importantly, think about how you learned it.

You were a baby when you first started speaking,

and even though you spoke the language incorrectly

you were allowed to make mistakes.

And the more mistakes you made,

the more your parents smiled.

Learning to speak was not something you were sent somewhere to do

only a few times a week.

And the majority of the people you spoke to

were not beginners.

They were already proficient speakers.

Imagine your parents forcing you to only speak to other babies

until you were good enough to speak to them.

You would probably be an adult before you could carry on a proper conversation.




language 
embracing 
communication
approach 

Music is a powerful 1.______ tool - it causes us to laugh, cry, think and question. Bassist and five-time Grammy winner, Victor Wooten, asks us to 2.______ music the same way we learn verbal 3.______ - by 4. ______mistakes and playing as often as possible.


True or false according to Victor? Listen and check.

1. Music and language are completely different things.

2. Music has to be understood to be effective.

3. Music is often not treated the same way we treat language.

4. Music is usually taught using a very strict method.

5. Music should be taught more informally - like we teach spoken language.

6. The more mistakes you make when learning to speak, the more your parent encourage you.

7. If we learned music the same way we learn to speak, we'd learn faster and more naturally.

8. Kids who grow up in a musical family often learn music slower.

9. There are no 'wrong notes' when you just play from the heart.

10. Many music teachers don't let their students 'say' anything through their music.


Vocab:

regiment
tutelage
proficient
to carry on a proper conversation
to jam (improvise)
air guitar (pretending to play the guitar with your hands)
accomplished




Go to Lesson:

Music as a Language


Language focus: listen (with headphones if possible) and fill the gaps

1. ___ music and verbal languages serve the ____ purpose.

2. In some ________ music works better than the spoken word because it doesn't ___ __ __ understood to be __________.

3. _________ many musicians agree that music is a language, it is rarely treated as ____.

4. ____ _____ you spoke the language incorrectly, you were allowed to make mistakes.

5. And ___ ____ mistakes you made, ___ _____ your parents smiled.

6. In the beginning, ________ mistakes ______ __ correcting them.

7. There ___ no wrong notes.

8. to play and perform with accomplished musicians ___ a _____ basis.

9. ___  _____ they play, ___ _____ they will practice on their own.

10. Remember that a language works ____ when we ____ something interesting to say.

11. ____ many rules ___ the onset will actually slow them down.

12. In my _____, the approach to music should be the same. _____ ___, music is a language too.


Tuesday, April 28, 2026

Agreeing and disagreeing - cars

  

Image result for uncool car


What do you like or dislike about this car?

1. It's too...
2. It's absolutely...
3. It's very...
4. It's a bit...
5. You can't ..... in it
6. You can ...  with it
7. It's really great for ...ing
8. It's not very...
9. It's a good car for a ..... kind of person
10. It's extremely...



Positive or negative comments?

  • It’s too small for long trips.
  • It’s absolutely gorgeous and gets a lot of attention.
  • It’s very good on gas, perfect for everyday use.
  • It’s a bit tight if you have a lot of things.
  • You can’t fit a whole family in it easily.
  • You can park it easily in small spaces.
  • It’s really great for driving around the city.
  • It’s not very fast, so don’t expect speed.
  • It’s a good car for someone who lives in the city and likes style.
  • It’s extremely fun to drive because it handles well.


  • Try creating a dialogue between two or three people about this car. Imagine you're considering buying it.

    A) I think it's absolutely gorgeous and gets a lot of attention.
    B) Do you? I'd say it's a bit tight if you have a lot of things.
    A) I suppose so, but you can park it easily in small spaces.
    B) That's true, but...


    Put these adjectives for a bambina into the best category...

    Fun
    Italian
    Classic
    Vintage
    Modern
    City-friendly
    Daily-use
    Compact
    Small
    Retro
    Sleek
    Adorable
    Lightweight
    Durable
    Colorful


    Opinion

    Size

    Other

    Age

    Shape

    Colour

    Pattern

    Origin

    Material

    Purpose





    What do you like or dislike about this car?

    1. It's too...
    2. It's absolutely...
    3. It's very...
    4. It's a bit...
    5. You can't ..... with it
    6. You can ...  with it
    7. It's really great for ...ing
    8. It's not very...
    9. It's a good car for a ..... kind of person
    10. It's extremely...




    Opinion

    Size

    Other

    Age

    Shape

    Colour

    Pattern

    Origin

    Material

    Purpose






    Sort these phrases into "agreeing" (A) or "disagreeing" (D):

    • I agree with you 100 percent. (   )
    • (strong) I'd say the exact opposite. (   )
    • Not necessarily. (   )
    • That's not always true. (   )
    • That's not always the case. (   )
    • (weak) I suppose so./I guess so. (   )
    • You have a point there. (   )
    • I couldn't agree with you more. (   )
    • That's so true. (   )
    • That's for sure. (   )
    • (Colloquial) Tell me about it! (   )
    • You're absolutely right. (   )
    • Absolutely. (   )
    • I don't think so. (   )
    • (strong) No way. (   )
    • I'm afraid I disagree. (   )
    • (strong) I totally disagree. (   )
    • Absolute rubbish. (   )
    • No, I'm not so sure about that. (   )
    • That's exactly how I feel. (   )
    • Exactly. (   )
    • I'm afraid I agree with James. (   )
    • I have to side with Dad on this one. (   )
    • No doubt about it. (   )
    • Me neither. (   )
    • I was just going to say that. (   )


    Strongest Agreement to Weakest Agreement:

    1. I agree with you ____ percent.
    2. I couldn't agree with you m_____.
    3. You're a________ly right.
    4. A________ly.
    5. No doubt a_____ it.
    6. That's e_____ly how I feel.
    7. That's so t_____.
    8. That's for s_____.
    9. You have a p______ there.
    10. I s________ so./I g_____ so.
    11. Tell me a______ it!
    12. I was j_____ going to s___ that.

     

    Weakest Disagreement to Strongest Disagreement:

    1. Not n_______ly.
    2. That's not a______s true.
    3. That's not always t___ c_____.
    4. No, I'm not s___ s____ about that.
    5. I'm af______ I agree with James.
    6. I have to side w____ Dad on this one.
    7. I'm afraid I d________.
    8. I beg t__ differ.
    9. I don't t______ so.
    10. (strong) I'd s___ the exact opposite.
    11. (strong) No w___.
    12. (strong) I t_______ly disagree.

    Strongest Agreement to Weakest Agreement:

    1. I agree with you 100 percent.
    2. I couldn't agree with you more.
    3. You're absolutely right.
    4. Absolutely.
    5. No doubt about it.
    6. That's exactly how I feel.
    7. That's so true.
    8. That's for sure.
    9. You have a point there.
    10. I suppose so./I guess so.
    11. Tell me about it!
    12. I was just going to say that.

    Weakest Disagreement to Strongest Disagreement:

    1. Not necessarily.
    2. That's not always true.
    3. That's not always the case.
    4. No, I'm not so sure about that.
    5. I'm afraid I agree with James.
    6. I have to side with Dad on this one.
    7. I'm afraid I disagree.
    8. I beg to differ.
    9. I don't think so.
    10. (strong) I'd say the exact opposite.
    11. (strong) No way.
    12. (strong) I totally disagree.

    Let's look again at those positive and negative comments....

    Image result for uncool car

  • It’s too small for long trips.
  • It’s absolutely gorgeous and gets a lot of attention.
  • It’s very good on gas, perfect for everyday use.
  • It’s a bit tight if you have a lot of things.
  • You can’t fit a whole family in it easily.
  • You can park it easily in small spaces.
  • It’s really great for driving around the city.
  • It’s not very fast, so don’t expect speed.
  • It’s a good car for someone who lives in the city and likes style.
  • It’s extremely fun to drive because it handles well.


  • Try creating a dialogue between two or three people about this car. Imagine you're considering buying it. Use phrases to agree and disagree.  Add a few of these phrases in as well

    However
    But
    And
    Plus
    As well
    All the same
    On the other hand
    Mind you
    Furthermore


    A) I think it's absolutely gorgeous and gets a lot of attention.
    B) Do you? I'd say it's a bit tight if you have a lot of things.
    A) I suppose so, but you can park it easily in small spaces.
    B) That's true, but...






    Put these adjectives in the boxes and try to guess the car....

    Iconic

    Retro

    Beloved

    Charming

    Versatile

    Family-friendly

    Sturdy

    Lightweight

    German

    Classic

    Vintage

    Timeless

    Spacious

    Roomy





    Opinion

    Size

    Other

    Age

    Shape

    Colour

    Pattern

    Origin

    Material

    Purpose








    Image result for combi



    What do you like or dislike about this car?

    1. It's too...
    2. It's absolutely...
    3. It's very...
    4. It's a bit...
    5. You can't ..... with it
    6. You can ...  with it
    7. It's really great for ...ing
    8. It's not very...
    9. It's a good car for a ..... kind of person
    10. It's extremely...

    Add some phrases for agreement and disagreement into your conversation.





    Image result for extremely uncool car

    What do you like or dislike about this car?

    1. It's too...
    2. It's absolutely...
    3. It's very...
    4. It's a bit...
    5. You can't ..... with it
    6. You can ...  with it
    7. It's really great for ...ing
    8. It's not very...
    9. It's a good car for a ..... kind of person
    10. It's extremely...

    Add some phrases for agreement and disagreement into your conversation.


    Opinion

    Size

    Other

    Age

    Shape

    Colour

    Pattern

    Origin

    Material

    Purpose




    Image result for low rider


    great    Let’s      Definitely    see x 2    flashy    still    unique    rough roads     just   True   practical 

    carry    someone 

    Alex: I think it’s too ______ for everyday driving.

    Jordan: (__________________________). I think t’s absolutely _______! You won’t see many like it.

    Alex: It’s very low to the ground, which can be a problem on _______.

    Jordan: I agree, but (_______________________) it’s a bit of a show car, so it’s not  _____ for driving.

    Alex: (________________________)You can’t ______ a lot of passengers with it, right?

    Jordan: ____, but (___________________________) you can have a lot of fun cruising around town with friends.

    Alex: (_______________________________). It’s really _____ for making a statement and showing off in style.

    Jordan: Yes, (_____________________________) but it’s not very ______ for long trips.

    Alex: It’s a good car for _______ who loves cars and customization.

    Jordan: ________! (__________________________________) And it’s extremely popular in car culture.

    Alex: I _____ your point, but I’m _____ not sure if it’s a smart choice for me.

    Jordan: (___________________________________) Maybe we should test drive one to ___ how it feels!

    Alex: That sounds like a good idea. ____ do it!

     

    Add some phrases for agreement and disagreement into the yellow bits.




    Opinion

    Size

    Other

    Age

    Shape

    Colour

    Pattern

    Origin

    Material

    Purpose

















    Have an in-depth conversation about cars – use the images to help you  cover different  aspects (positive and negative) of the topic. Take your time.

     

     

     

     

     


    Take notes about things you discussed here – we will use this in feedback

     

    Picture 1

     

    Picture 2

     

    Picture 3

     

    Picture 4

     

    Picture 5

     

    Picture 6

     

    Picture 7

     

    General conclusions:



    1. Agreeing (from soft to strong)

    Casual Agreement

    • Yeah, I see what you ______.
    • That’s a fair ______.
    • True, ______.
    • I was thinking the same ______.

    Words: mean · point · actually · thing

     

    Strong Agreement

    • I completely ______ with you on that.
    • Absolutely — especially when you ______…
    • That’s exactly my ______!
    • You’ve taken the words right out of my ______.

    Words: mouth · point · consider · agree

     

    Building on Someone’s Idea

    • I agree, and I’d ______ that…
    • That’s true, and it also ______ that…
    • Exactly — and another ______ is…
    • I couldn’t agree more, particularly ______…

    Words: add · thing · means · because

     

    2. Disagreeing (politely but confidently)

    Soft Disagreement

    • I’m not totally ______.
    • I see your point, but I’m not ______.
    • That might be true in some ______, but…
    • I get what you’re saying, ______…

    Words: cases · convinced · however · sure

     

    Clear Disagreement

    • I have to ______ there.
    • I don’t really see it that ______.
    • I think the ______ is true.
    • I strongly disagree ______…

    Words: because · opposite · way · disagree

     

    Challenging an Idea

    • But isn’t it also ______ that…?
    • Have you ______ that…?
    • What about the ______ that…?
    • I’d ______ that…

    Words: argue · considered · true · fact

     

     

     

    3. Changing the Picture or Topic

    Moving to Another Picture

    • Let’s take a look at the next ______.
    • Turning to this ______…
    • Now, if we ______ on this one…
    • Moving on from accidents to something more ______…

    Words: image · focus · picture · positive

     

    Shifting Perspective

    • Looking at it from another ______…
    • On the other ______…
    • That brings us to a different ______…
    • But we haven’t talked ______…

    Words: issue · angle · about · hand

     

    Refocusing the Discussion

    • The bigger ______ is…
    • What really ______ here is…
    • Instead of focusing on that, we should ______…
    • Let’s not forget ______…

    Words: about · matters · consider · question

     

    4. Making Positive Points

    General Positives

    • One clear ______ is…
    • This highlights the ______ of…
    • It gives people the ______ to…
    • It makes life far more ______.

    Words: convenient · opportunity · advantage · benefits

     

    5. Making Negative Points

     Problems & Risks

    • One major ______ is…
    • This raises serious ______ about…
    • It can result ______…
    • This creates more problems than it ______.

    Words: concerns · drawback · solves · in

     

     

      Speaking Phrases Checklist - Tick each phrase you successfully use.


    Agreeing (from soft to strong)

    Casual Agreement

    1. ☐ Yeah, I see what you mean.
    2. ☐ That’s a fair point.
    3. ☐ True, actually.
    4. ☐ I was thinking the same thing.

    Strong Agreement

    1. ☐ I completely agree with you on that.
    2. ☐ Absolutely — especially when you consider
    3. ☐ That’s exactly my point!
    4. ☐ You’ve taken the words right out of my mouth.

    Building on Someone’s Idea

    1. ☐ I agree, and I’d add that…
    2. ☐ That’s true, and it also means that…
    3. ☐ Exactly — and another thing is…
    4. ☐ I couldn’t agree more, particularly because

    Disagreeing (politely but confidently)

    Soft Disagreement

    1. ☐ I’m not totally sure.
    2. ☐ I see your point, but I’m not convinced.
    3. ☐ That might be true in some cases, but…
    4. ☐ I get what you’re saying, however

    Clear Disagreement

    1. ☐ I have to disagree there.
    2. ☐ I don’t really see it that way.
    3. ☐ I think the opposite is true.
    4. ☐ I strongly disagree because

    Challenging an Idea

    1. ☐ But isn’t it also true that…?
    2. ☐ Have you considered that…?
    3. ☐ What about the fact that…?
    4. ☐ I’d argue that…

    Changing the Picture or Topic

    Moving to Another Picture

    1. ☐ Let’s take a look at the next picture.
    2. ☐ Turning to this image
    3. ☐ Now, if we focus on this one…
    4. ☐ Moving on from accidents to something more positive

    Shifting Perspective

    1. ☐ Looking at it from another angle
    2. ☐ On the other hand
    3. ☐ That brings us to a different issue
    4. ☐ But we haven’t talked about

     

     


     







    Paul: So?

    Emir: I'm _____ convinced by that idea.

    Paul: Why?

    Emir: Well, this design is just ____ simple. 

    Paul: It's ____ simple, it's minimal. _____, it's what the client ______ for.

    Emir: I'm not ____ sure. Look … Look at these designs here. I think _____ is the style that the client wants.

    Paul: Hmmm … I think I _________. They said they wanted it clean and minimal.

    Emir: These designs ______ clean and minimal. 

    Paul: Look, ______ get me ________, Emir. I like them, but I don't think they _____ the _______. For example, here, there's just a bit too much going _____.

    Emir: OK, I _____ what you mean, ______ without all the colour, it would look a bit … empty. 

    Paul: _____. OK, _____ about taking that and that away? So it ______ looks interesting, but less busy. 

    Emir: OK … maybe you've ______ a point there. Actually, that has _______ me an idea.

    Emir: So we remove the blue. I think that creates a ______ balance.

    Paul: Yeah, yeah. I think you're right. Changing the circles helped _____. 

    Emir: I agree. So we're _______ with this now?

    Paul: Yes, __________. 

    Emir: So it looks like we ______ agree!

    Paul: ____________. 

     



    The McGurk Effect





    Which sense do you think is more dominant....

    taste or smell?
    seeing or hearing?
    touch or taste?



    Watch:

    The McGurk Effect


    The McGurk Effect

     

    Watch video

     

    1.     What do you think this video is mainly about?

    2.     What surprised you the most while watching?

    3.     What is one key idea you took away from it?

     

     

     

    Watch again, fill the gaps:


    At any ___ moment we are being ____________ by sensory information.

     

    Our brains do a ____________ job of making sense of it ___.

     

    It seems easy _________ to separate the sounds we hear from the ______ we see, but there is one illusion that reveals this ____ always the _____.

     

    In the illusion, _____ we see ___________ what we hear.

     

    If we close our eyes we actually hear the sound ___ it ___.

     

    If we open our eyes, we actually see how the mouth movements can influence _____ we’re hearing.

     

    What’s remarkable about this illusion ___ even knowing how it’s _______ doesn’t seem to ____ a difference.

     

    The speech brain just takes in that information. It doesn't care what _______ knowledge you bring to _____.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Language Comprehension

    1. What does “bombarded by sensory information” suggest about how much we see and hear?
    A. We receive a large amount of sensory input all the time
    B. We experience very little at once
    C. Only one sense works at a time

    2. What does it mean that the brain “makes sense of it all”?
    A. The brain organises and interprets sensory input
    B. The brain ignores most information
    C. The brain only focuses on sound

    3. In this illusion, what does “overrides” mean?
    A. One sense dominates or replaces another
    B. All senses work equally
    C. One sense stops working

    4. Why is the effect described as “bizarre”?
    A. It is confusing and unexpected
    B. It is normal and easy to understand
    C. It only affects some people

    5. What do “conflicting information” and “salient information” mean here?
    A. Information that disagrees / the most noticeable sense
    B. Information that matches / the weakest sense
    C. Information that repeats / the quietest sense

     

    Reflection

    6.     Do you notice times in daily life when your senses compete? Give an example.

    7.     Does this illusion make you trust your brain more or less? Why?

    8.     How does “what we see overrides what we hear” change how you think about your senses?

    9.     Why do you think the illusion still works even when you understand it?

    1. Would you rather your brain be ‘truthful’ or ‘efficient’? Why?

    _______________
    Check

     
    At any one moment we are being bombarded by sensory information.

    Our brains do a remarkable job of making sense of it all.

    It seems easy enough to separate the sounds we hear from the sights we see, but there is one illusion that reveals this isn't always the case.

    In the illusion, what we see overrides what we hear.

    If we close our eyes we actually hear the sound as it is.

    If we open our eyes, we actually see how the mouth movements can influence what we’re hearing.

    What’s remarkable about this illusion is even knowing how it’s done doesn’t seem to make a difference.

    The speech brain just takes in that information. It doesn't care what outside knowledge you bring to bear.

    Kahoot quiz

    Seeing is Believing