Thursday, June 8, 2023

Incarnations - 6 Indian Lives


Prof. Sunil Khilnani explores the life of Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi, the queen who fought against the British and became a heroine of India's 1857 Rebellion.

"The Rani was certainly no ordinary queen," he says of the woman who was listed by Time magazine as one of its 'Top Ten Badass Wives'. A typical day for Lakshmibai involved weightlifting, wrestling and steeplechasing - all before breakfast. Yet, despite her physical prowess, she was a reluctant rebel. She was drawn into the uprising only when the British annexed Jhansi after her husband died. The legend goes that, when the Rani's fort was under siege from the British, she mounted her horse, her young son holding on tight behind her, and leapt to freedom from the ramparts.


The most iconic image of the Rani of Jhansi is at her last stand, in battle: again on horseback with her sword held high and the reins of her horse between her teeth. It's an image that evokes powerful Hindu goddesses like Kali and Durga. However, Sunil Khilnani argues that, by ascribing its heroines extra-human powers, supposedly to celebrate them, India is in fact denying the reality of women's experience.

Listen:

Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi: Badass Queen



Match before listening:



backhanded compliment             take umbrage         charger          bookish

given to        crossdressing            maharaja            rani            Jhansi 




an insult that contains some praise              a horse used in battle           nerdy

fond of             king            to take offence           queen

a province in Uttar Pradesh, India            dressing as the opposite sex




Guide questions:
            
1. Why did many indian workers refuse to load enfield rifles?

2. Why do many Indian women take offence when Lakshmibai is compared with men?

3. What did Lakshmibai usually do before breakfast?

4. How high off the ground was Lakshmibai's famous jump?

5. What does Lakshmibai signify to many Indians?

6. What was Lakshmibai's maharaja husband fond of doing?

7. What excuse did the British give for annexing Lakshmibai's territory?

8.  What did the rebels do to the British families stationed in Jhansi?

9. How did the British manage to locate the water supply?

10. How did Lakshmibai actually escape from the fort, according to a priest?

11. Why does the presenter think Indian society portrays women like Lakshmibai as goddesses rather than real women?


Use the answers to these questions to retell the story of Lakshmibai to your group. 














Professor Sunil Khilnani looks at the contribution Sir William Jones made to our understanding of Indian history and culture. Jones set sail for India at the end of the 18th century where he became one of the greatest advocates for studying the glories of India's past. Already a master of many languages, he learned Sanskrit which he declared "more perfect than the Greeks, more copious than the Latin and more exquisitely refined than either". He introduced a radical idea: that Sanskrit and Europe's classical languages were all tributaries of a single, lost linguistic river. Professor Khilnani describes Jones as "a man who arrived in India and studied its culture with humility and then sought to awaken the West to its riches. The irony is that he also awakened the East".

Listen:

William Jones: Enlightenment Moghul



Match before listening:


frigate        stint               Orientalist           uncanny

      sanskrit           goldmine        Shakuntala       catalyst


an extremely rich resource of knowledge            someone who changes a lot of things

ancient Indian language and writing system             a scholar of asiatic cultures

strange or mysterious          a play written in Sanskrit             a short stay          a naval ship



1. How many languages did Jones eventually learn?

2. Which language did he never learn?

3. What was Jones actually in India to do?

4. How much classical Indian literature is preserved in Sanskrit?

5. What did Jones' father do?

6. What was the first language Jones fell in love with?

7. How was the room in which Jones learnt Sanskrit cleaned?

8. What was Jones's biggest discovery about Sanskrit?

9. What happened immediately after Shakuntala was published in English?

10. How was the play seen in Victorian times?

11. How is William Jones an Orientalist in a positive sense?


Use the answers to these questions to retell the story of William Jones to your group. 






Professor Sunil Khilnani, from the King's India Institute in London, looks at the life of Indira Gandhi, India's first woman prime minister, whose darkest moment was a two year period known as "the emergency". Jails filled up with her critics while journalists and editors were detained alongside the political opposition. Those arrested could be held without trial and and she attempted to reduce the birth rate by offering men incentives to be sterilized. "Indira Gandhi in many ways issued the greatest threat to democracy in independent India's history," says Professor Khilnani, "weakening constitutional regularities established by her father. Yet the enduring effect of her rule was to open the state to a deeper and more accessible democracy".

Listen:

Indira Gandhi: The Centre of Everything


Match before listening:


Nehru     political animal       nepotism         to defer to        rhetoric      The Congress

The BJP       mollification            infighting       botched efforts        sikhism



The first Prime Minister of India          to let another person decide         conflict

a monotheistic religion from the Punjab          the favouring of relatives         

the art of political speech          becoming more peaceful in character            failures

India's oldest political party              India's largest political party        

a person with a natural talent for  politics





1. What happened to some of the people named in the journalist's notebook?

2. What did Indira Gandhi do during The Emergency?

3. Why is Indira Gandhi hated by many intellectuals?

4. Who was Indira's father?

5. Did she have any brothers or sisters?

6.  What events brought Indira to power?

7. What was the difference between Gandhi's rhetoric and her policies?

8. Why did Gandhi decide to bypass parliament?

9. What did poor people get in exchange for sterilisation?

10. Which party did Gandhi represent?

11. Which party is currently in power in India?

12. What kind of temple was  attacked by Hindus in 1984?

13. Who assassinated Indira Gandhi?


Use the answers to these questions to retell the story of Indira Gandhi to your group. 






Professor Sunil Khilnani explores the life and legacy of the Mahatma Gandhi: lawyer, politician and leader of the nationalist movement against British rule in India. He is generally admired outside India, but is the subject of heated debate and contention in his homeland. Some view him as an appeaser of Muslims, and blame him for India's partition. Others regret Gandhi's induction of Hindu rhetoric and symbols into Indian nationalism, revile him for his refusal to disavow caste, believe he betrayed the labouring classes, and are appalled at his views on women. "It's unsurprising that Gandhi provokes such a barrage of attacks," says Professor Khilnani. "His entire life was an argument - or rather, a series of arguments - with the world."

Listen:

Gandhi: In the Palm of Our Hands


Match before listening:

 naive            icon           flatterers             revile             disavow

eccentricity             legitimacy               asceticism

teapot ears           vetted            formidable         sacrificial



symbolic person            speak against            severe self-discipline 

ability to be defended by logic and reason           oddness / peculiarity

checked out / investigated            strong  / powerful            sticking out ears           

 people who only say good things about you           speak hatefully of

for the purposes of atonement         childish / simplistic   



1. Why did the audience in the movie theatre applaud and cheer as Gandhi was shot?

2. Why does the presenter compare Gandhi with Lenin, Stalin and Hitler?

3. Where did Gandhi go at age 19?

4. What was Gandhi's view on power based on fear?

5. Why did Gandhi decide to wear only minimal garments?

6. How did Gandhi see family?

7. How did Gandhi manipulate the media in the famous Salt March?

8. Why did he chose relatively unknown people to accompany him on the march?

9. What Gandhi trying to show with the Salt March?

10. What made Gandhi's assassin decide to kill him?

11. How did Gandhi feel about himself at the end of his life?


Use the answers to these questions to retell the story of Gandhi to your group. 





Sunil Khilnani tells the story of the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan.


We are accustomed to mathematicians as enigmatic beings, but the case of Ramanujan, one of the most important mathematicians of the twentieth century, is particularly mysterious. His life seems to be have been spun from the stuff of fiction and film. It's told most often as a tale of a deeply religious, largely self-taught savant, rescued from an obscure south Indian town and brought to Cambridge by a don - where, just as his world changing potential was being unlocked, he died at the age of 32, leaving his greatest insights still secret.

Listen:

Ramanujan: The Elbow of Genius



Match before listening: 


enigmatic             savant               vexed             farseeing

erase              deliverance             utilitarian           slate



a small handheld blackboard              mysterious              insightful

much debated                 salvation               practical            wipe out       genius          




1. How old was Ramanujan at his death?

2. Which kinds of scientists are using Ramanujan's work today?

3. What do Ramanujan's working papers look like?

4. Why is Ramanujan so important in the history of today's digital world?

5. What was Ramanujan's annual salary before we went to Cambridge?

6. What did Ramanujan's work often lack?

7. What makes something "proof" in the strict scientific sense?

8. Why might Ramanujan might have avoided writing down proofs?

9. What did G H Hardy say about Ramanujan?

10. What kind of community was Ramanujan born into?

11. What was mathematics used for in this community?

12. Why was Ramanujan hungry in Britain?

13. What is pi? How did Ramanujan 'tame' pi?

14. What are partitions?

15. What are mock theta functions?


Use the answers to these questions to retell the story of Ramanujan to your group. 










Sunil Khilnani profiles the life of Malik Ambar, an Ethiopian slave who rose to become a power-broker and king maker.


Malik Ambar's story challenges some of our familiar perceptions of slavery. He was part of a tradition of military slavery which created elite warriors, educated and nurtured by their masters and treated almost like sons. Once freed, his power base grew. He took on the mighty Mughal Empire of the north using sophisticated guerrilla tactics and an ability to harass his enemy under cover of darkness.

Listen:

Malik Ambar: The Dark Fated One


contempt               power broker             Mughals

severed head           textiles           circuitous        diaspora

compatriots            social mobility           gullies

parlance          harem              cliche       opportunist




 someone who decides who will rule       total lack of respect
         
cultural groups who have left their home countries

valleys           very indirect route           fellow countrymen

specialised language         palace of women     Muslim rulers who invaded and ruled India

cut off head         common idea (often misleading)      

someone who rises to power unexpectedly and quickly

fabrics            the ability to rise in society








1. What happened at the cricket match Gujarat?

2. Which famous Indian had racist ideas about africans?

3. What are the "habshi"? Where did they come from?

4. What does the painting show?

Untitled

5. When did military slavery begin in the Arab world?

6. Which city did Malik Ambar first go to from Ethiopia?

7.  What does the price of Malik Ambar's sale as a slave tell us about him?

8. What did Malik Ambar learn from his last master?

9. Why is that slaves were often able to rise to power?

10. What is Fair and Lovely?

11. How do the descendants of Habshi's live today?

12. Who were Malik Ambar's enemies?

13. How did he cut off their supplies?

14. How is the painting above misrepresenting the facts?


20 Question Kahoot


https://quizlet.com/nz/490538097/incarnations-general-vocab-overview-flash-cards/?new







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