Sunday, July 30, 2023

Proxima B



The nearest habitable world beyond our Solar System might be right on our doorstep - astronomically speaking. Scientists say their investigations of the closest star, Proxima Centauri, show it to have an Earth-sized planet orbiting about it. What is more, this rocky globe is moving in a zone that would make liquid water on its surface a possibility. Proxima is 40 trillion km away and would take a spacecraft using current technology thousands of years to reach.

Earlier this year, the billionaire venture capitalist Yuri Milner said he was investing $100m in studies to develop nano spacecraft that could be propelled across the galaxy by lasers. These would travel at perhaps 20% of the speed of light, shortening the journey to a star like Proxima Centauri to mere decades.

 Read, listen and watch:

Proxima B


Science has enabled us to store ourselves in nanoscopic form and beam ourselves across the universe. You have been stored in a nano-quantum state and will awaken fully formed on Proxima B in 200 years. You will then start creating a flourishing civilisation on this beautiful and hospitable planet. But do you even want to form a civilisation, considering how that's turned out here on Earth?


Guidelines for a new civilization.


What form will money take? Who controls the economy? How does it work?
What type of government is best?
Will you have a military?
What will kids learn in school?
Is religion okay?
Are you going to send criminals to jail?
How much freedom of expression will you allow?

what is a good ethos for a society? 
Freedom, openness, tolerance, love, adventure, fairness, hard work, excellence?
Is it necessary for societies to have shared ideals?

What would your cities look like?

Finally, can you come up with a better name than Proxima B for your new home planet?










Saturday, July 29, 2023

How to recognise a dystopia



Pre-learn some vocab:

to "coin" a word

Just as we can create money by "coining" it, we can create words.

Forms of Government and Types of State:

Oligarchy
Monarchy
Representative Democracy
Participatory Democracy
Parliamentary Democracy
A Republic
A Federation
Anarchism
Feudalism

Have you ever heard of this book?

Image result for Utopia thomas moore"


What about this one?

Image result for 1984"


Have you ever imagined an ideal world? The genre of dystopia – the ‘not good place’– has captured the imaginations of artists and audiences alike for centuries. But why do we bother with all this pessimism? Alex Gendler explains how dystopias act as cautionary tales – not about some particular government or technology, but the very idea that humanity can be molded into an ideal shape.


Link:

How to recognize a dystopia


Lead in

1. Do you think it's good for nations to have strong identities?

2. What makes a nation strong?

3. What is a good ethos for a society?

Openness? Fairness? Diversity? We are the best? Opportunity? Work hard?



Check you know the answers to these questions.

1. Who ruled Plato's Republic?

2. Who coined the word "Utopia"?

3. What is one of the earliest examples of dystopian literature? Which groups of society did the book satirise?

4. What keeps people happy in Brave New World?

5. How do the following people tend to see the world?

Politicians
Technocrats
Moralists
Rationalists

Pause and discuss



5. What were the two common promises of modern utopian political movements?

6. Which novel influenced the novel 1984?

7. What is the movie Dr Strangelove about?

8. What does The Handmaid's Tale warn us about?

9. What anxieties have more recent dystopian fictions explored?

10. What do dystopian visions all have in common apart from pessimism?


C1.3 Unit 5: A Good Life

Aims

Explore snd discuss the theme of lifestyle and living

Read excerpts of science fiction stories.

Use the sci-fi genre to work at our descriptive and dramatic writing.

Revisit the idea of utopia and dystopia (mostly to revise points of usage)

Read and discuss two recent articles about two different authors and their unpublished work being brought to light.

Listen to a TED Lesson on the notion of the "Kafkaesque"


Language

P 57: Learn and use a range of adjectives used to describe people

P 58: Learn about less common uses of adjectives

P 61: learn 9 phrasal verbs (used in the context of lifestyle and living)

P 62: Learn different types of "cleft" sentence - a very common and useful sentence form in English.



Pronunciation


To work at better conveying the meaning of a text when reading aloud.




Yay, Kahoot to start!

12 preview questions...




Thursday, July 27, 2023

C1.3 Unit 5 Reading review






Punctuate




peter driscoll was living the good life married to his secondary school sweetheart owner of a thriving manufacturing business a New York style loft in the heart of london and a 1967 shelby gt 500 the car of his dreams















Check




Peter Driscoll was living the good life—married to his secondary school sweetheart, owner of a thriving manufacturing business, a New York-style loft in the heart of London, and a 1967 Shelby GT 500, the car of his dreams.


















Punctuate




the estate an 800 square foot bungalow nestled in the middle of an enormous sunflower field was filled with cobwebs unfamiliar bugs and a hole in the roof almost three feet long driscoll tapped into his manufacturing experience and called in the best materials he could get his hands on but he did the roof work on his own after all money doesnt grow on olive trees












Check




The estate, an 800-square foot bungalow nestled in the middle of an enormous sunflower field, was filled with cobwebs, unfamiliar bugs, and a hole in the roof, almost three feet long. Driscoll tapped into his manufacturing experience and called in the best materials he could get his hands on—but he did the roof work on his own. After all, money doesn’t grow on olive trees.

















Break into three paragraphs



‘Jennifer was concerned I was going to make a bigger mess, but truthfully, it couldn’t get much more of a mess,’ he says. ‘Even though we made this decision together, I lived for the first two months in fear she’d ask for a divorce, pack up her things, and move back to England. I wouldn’t have blamed her!’ That fear—along with the cobwebs—is long gone. After the roof was fixed, the Driscolls made a list of other things they had to alter and tackled them one at a time. While they had made a decent profit on the sale of the business, neither of them was working, and soon, they were forced to renovate based on mutual priorities. New paint was followed up with a modest kitchen renovation that allowed Driscoll to use the fresh herbs growing outside his window to create what he dubs ‘culinary masterpieces.’ They discovered an appreciation for red wine, long meals, and lazy mornings at the market in search of fresh meats and vegetables.









Check


‘Jennifer was concerned I was going to make a bigger mess, but truthfully, it couldn’t get much more of a mess,’ he says. ‘Even though we made this decision together, I lived for the first two months in fear she’d ask for a divorce, pack up her things, and move back to England. I wouldn’t have blamed her!’

That fear—along with the cobwebs—is long gone. After the roof was fixed, the Driscolls made a list of other things they had to alter and tackled them one at a time. While they had made a decent profit on the sale of the business, neither of them was working, and soon, they were forced to renovate based on mutual priorities.

New paint was followed up with a modest kitchen renovation that allowed Driscoll to use the fresh herbs growing outside his window to create what he dubs ‘culinary masterpieces.’ They discovered an appreciation for red wine, long meals, and lazy mornings at the market in search of fresh meats and vegetables.









Add vocabulary to the right place:

settle down
chuckles
galore
transform
revolved around
take a hard look
meant
paints
accustomed to


‘Our whole life ____1_____ excess,’ he said in a telephone interview Friday. ‘Excessive spending, excessive partying, excessive pressure. We wanted to _____2_____ someday, and focus on the important things. We needed to  _____3______ at our marriage as well. When we did, we realized, that in order to save it, we had to make some changes. I had to make some changes.’

This___4___ selling the business and the fancy car, packing up, and moving into a far less glamorous home than they were _____5____—a run-down, rustic estate in Tuscany. Yes, a bit like in the Diane Lane movie, Under the Tuscan Sun.

‘My wife, Jennifer, loves that movie,’ Driscoll says, and___6_____. ‘But it ____7___ a much more idyllic lifestyle than what we found upon arrival. Italy is beautiful, of course, and the house has character ___8____. But to___9____ it into our dream home took considerable work—and we’re only half done.’







Check

‘Our whole life revolved around excess,’ he said in a telephone interview Friday. ‘Excessive spending, excessive partying, excessive pressure. We wanted to settle down someday, and focus on the important things. We needed to take a hard look at our marriage as well. When we did, we realized, that in order to save it, we had to make some changes. I had to make some changes.’

This meant selling the business and the fancy car, packing up, and moving into a far less glamorous home than they were accustomed to—a run-down, rustic estate in Tuscany. Yes, a bit like in the Diane Lane movie, Under the Tuscan Sun.

‘My wife, Jennifer, loves that movie,’ Driscoll says, and chuckles. ‘But it paints a much more idyllic lifestyle than what we found upon arrival. Italy is beautiful, of course, and the house has character galore. But to transform it into our dream home took considerable work—and we’re only half done.’


A Trip Around Mars

Image result for mars


Lead in:

(1)What do you know about Mars?(2)Do you think there was/is life on Mars?(3)Martians are from Mars; do you know what life forms on other planets might be called?(4)Are you interested in the secrets Mars holds?(5)Would you like to go to Mars one day?(6)Why are scientists so interested in Mars?(7)Do you think it’s possible that one day, many people will live on Mars?(8)What do you think of the idea often described by scientists that life started on Mars and moved to Earth, which means we are Martians?(9)What would you like to know about Mars?(10)Why is Mars red?

Mars Kahoot



Nasa engineers are about to initiate a manoeuvre that is their least favourite activity in space: they will attempt to land a robot spaceship on Mars. The latest Mars probe, InSight, is intended to analyse seismic activity on the red planet by drilling under its surface. It is hoped InSight will help scientists understand the early evolution of Mars and other planets in the solar system. The landing process will take about seven minutes but is highly complicated and risky. The spacecraft must be slowed from 12,000mph to 5mph for successful touchdown.

Landing a robot on Mars

below the surface

voyage through space

make a successful landing

absorb heat

deploy

nail-biting

go perfectly

throw a curveball


After landing...






The InSight lander's first picture from Mars
 The InSight lander took the picture using a camera mounted on its robotic arm. Photograph: Reuters

This is the view across Elysium Planitia, the vast lava plain near the equator of Mars, where Nasa’s InSight lander _______ down after a hair-raising ________ on Monday. The probe ________ the image of the desolate landscape as the dust thrown up by its arrival was still _________ around it.
Over the ________ days, InSight will take more photos of the ________ site and send them back to Earth, where scientists will use them to decide where the probe should _______  its instruments.
The lander’s seismometer will be an ear to the ground that listens for “marsquakes”, which ________  through the planet when slabs of underground rock _______ and slip. Another instrument will _________ into the ground and take the temperature of the red planet.

settling      fracture      burrow     coming        landing          descent         snapped           
touched           place            shudder 

After landing


 The planet Mars boasts the most dramatic landscapes in our solar system. Kevin Fong embarks on a grand tour around the planet with scientists, artists and writers who know its special places intimately- through their probes, roving robots and imaginations.

As we roam Mars' beauty spots, Kevin explores why the Red planet grips so many. Beyond its alien topographic grandeur, Mars inspires the bigger questions: are we alone in the cosmos, and what is the longer term destiny of humanity? Was there more than one life genesis? Will humans ever live on more than one planet?

Listen:

A Trip Around Mars



00:00 - 2:40

What's the name of the NASA rover currently exploring the terrain of Mars?


guided ___
m____ landscapes
a____ beauty
e______ fascination
st_______ landscapes
u_______ martian
a____ and well
bitterest of a______ temperatures
m______ fraction


2:40-7:41

Related image



Image result for photos by mariner 9

(1971)

Image result for photos by mariner 9

Image result for olympus mons

Olympus Mons

Compared with Mount Everest? Colorado?

How steep is the slope?
Image result for kim stanley robinson

Kim Stanley Robinson


Image result for bonnington climber

Chris Bonington


How high are the cliffs?

What are Red Mars, Green Mars and Blue Mars?

Why are geographical features on Mars so large?Image result for marianas canyon mars

How big is this?



8:46-9:30

1. What did the early fly-bys indicate?
2. What did Marina 9 show?
3. What did Viking find?

11:20-16:30

Image result for paintings by bill hartmann


Where was this painting painted?
Which landscape of Mars is depicted?
Why are the astronauts in blue suits?






What's the Northern Hemisphere of Mars like?

Image result for sand dunes mars



Image result for sand dunes mars


17:30-24:04

Related image

How did Valles Marineris form?

How did The Grand Canyon form?

Where in the Valles Marineris did Robinson situate one of his fictional cities?

What can be found in the eastern part of Valles Marineris?

Image result for iani chaos mars


Iani Chaos

A Tolkienesque landscape

How are chasmata possibly formed?

What is there in the north?Image result for ares vallis mars


What came out of the Chaos regions?
Image result for ares vallis mars

An arm of Ares Valles

How was it formed? How long did it take to form?

Could there have been oceans on Mars?


24:00-26:00

What is Pascal's theory of water on Mars?




More pictures











Wednesday, July 26, 2023

The Sentinel





______ ______ ____ ____ ____ _____
Walking on the moon
___ _____ ___ ____ _____ ______
Walking on the moon
____ ______ ____ ____ _____
Walking on the moon
____ ______ _____ __________
Walking on, walking on the moon

_______ ______ _____ ______ _______
Walking on the moon
_______ ______ ______ ______ _______
Walking on the moon
______ ______ _______ _______ ____ ________
Walking on the moon
____ ______ ______ _________ _______ _____ _________
Walking on, walking on the moon

Some may say
___ _________ _______ _______ _______
No way
___ ____ _____ ____ _____ ___ _____
Some say
________ __ _________ _____
You stay
___ _____ ____ ______ _____



Intro:

Aliens:

Aliens

Quizlet:

24 things



Discuss these extracts from the story:


"there are times when a scientist must not be afraid to make a fool of himself."


"You must understand that until this very moment I had been almost completely convinced that there could be nothing strange or unusual for me to find here. Almost, but not quite; it was that haunting doubt that had driven me forward. Well, it was a doubt no longer, but the haunting had scarcely begun."


"the old are often insanely jealous of the young"







Put this sentence in order

on a perhaps a across hundred I plateau was standing feet









Check

I was standing on a plateau perhaps a hundred feet across.







Put this sentence in order

nothing hazardous exploration or  particularly there even is  exciting about lunar 











Check

There is nothing hazardous or even particularly exciting about lunar exploration.







Use the words in the gaps

crust       diameter       turret      moisture       nightfall       crevasses      delta      transfigures   overconfidence

1. Three hundred miles in __________, and almost completely surrounded by a ring of magnificent mountains, it had never been explored until we entered it in the late summer of 1996. 


2. Luckily, most of the Mare Crisiurn is very flat. There are none of the great ________ so common and so dangerous elsewhere, and very few craters or mountains of any size.  


3. Over the land which we were crossing, the tideless ocean had once been half a mile deep, and now the only trace of _______ was the hoarfrost one could sometimes find in caves which the searing sunlight never penetrated. 


4. We had begun our journey early in the slow lunar dawn, and still had almost a week of Earth-time before ________. 


5. The whole southern curve of the Mare Crisium is a vast _______ where a score of rivers once found their way into the ocean, fed perhaps by the torrential rains that must have lashed the mountains in the brief volcanic age when the Moon was young.  


6. On the Moon, of course, there is no loss of detail with distance-none of that almost imperceptible haziness which softens and sometimes _______ all far-off things on Earth. 


7. Those mountains were ten thousand feet high, and they climbed steeply out of the plain as if ages ago some subterranean eruption had smashed them skyward through the molten ________.  
 

8. But I was curious to know what kind of rock could be shining so brightly up there, and I climbed into the observation _______ and swung our four inch telescope round to the west. 
 

9. The real danger in lunar mountaineering lies in _________ 


10__________ I paused and waved to my companion, then I scrambled over the edge and stood upright, staring ahead of me.



Pre listening - read through these terms:

freighter (spaceships for freight)
crevass (deep gaps in the mountains)
skirting the foothills (exploring only the edges of the hills)
stupendous cliffs (very tall)
searing sunlight (very bright)
nightfall (the arrival of night)
pressurized tractors (with oxygen)
rugged landscape (rough hills)
capes and promontories (steep hills stick out over flat areas) 
a vast delta (flat land where water runs)
uplands (hills)
a galley (kitchen)
terrestrial (from Earth)
imperceptible haziness (not easy to see far)
molten crust (hot lava under the ground)
ramparts (steep slopes)
iridescence (brightness)
the observation turret (observation tower)
just enough to tantalize me (make me curious)
elusive (difficult to identify)
enigma (mystery)
presently (soon)
the laughing-stock (a fool)
degenerate ancestors (primitive)
folly (foolishness)
completely unscalable (impossible to climb)
ledge (shelf of rock)
our plan of ascent (plan to climb)
exhilaration (excitement)
had scarcely begun (only just)
many-faceted (with lots of different sides)
moss (grows on rocks etc)
a shrine (sacred structure)
the plateau (flat land high up)
ceaseless bombardment (non-stop hitting)
irrevocably doomed (without any hope)
apparition (ghost, mystery)
a single token of its existence (token = sign)
overexertion (trying too hard)
a sentinel (guardian, watchman)
the emissaries are coming (people on a special mission)

 

1. When and where is the story set?

2. Why was the narrator there?

3. What was the narrator's profession?

4. Who is Louis Garnett? Who is Wilson?

5. What happens while the narrator is cooking sausages?

6. Can you draw the object the narrator discovers?









7. Why did the narrator begin to laugh?

8. What happened in the end?

9. Who were the People of the Dawn?

10. What was the purpose of the Sentinel?




Link to audio book:

The Sentinel

Discussion: 
 
1. Why did the writer spend so much time establishing the scene before describing the ascent of the mountain? 
 
2. Why do you think he chose to set it in the Mare Crisum? 


3. It is often said that science fiction reveals more about the attitudes of the time it was written than it does about the future. Is this true of this story? 
 
4. Why did the writer decide to have Wilson reach the plateau alone, instead of after or at the same time as his colleague? 
 
5. Could this story have been extended into a novel? 
 
6. Does the story have a message? 


 

Language focus - modals 


must have looked         could play        might never come   would have been     must have searched      would be      would be       would be      must have guessed 

Theirs 1_____________ a loneliness we cannot imagine, the loneliness of gods looking out across infinity and finding none to share their thoughts. They 2_____________ the star-clusters as we have searched the planets. Everywhere there  worlds, but they 3____________ empty or peopled with crawling, mindless things. Such was our own Earth, the smoke of the great volcanoes still staining the skies, when that first ship of the peoples of the dawn came sliding in from the abyss beyond Pluto. It passed the frozen outer worlds, knowing that life 4_____________ no part in their destinies. It came to rest among the inner planets, warming themselves around the fire of the Sun and waiting for their stories to begin. Those wanderers 5_________________ on Earth, circling safely in the narrow zone between fire and ice, and _________________ that it was the favorite of the Sun’s children. Here, in the distant future, 6__________ intelligence; but there were countless stars before -them still, and they 7_____________ this way again.  
 

Why are so many modals of deduction used in this section of the story?